Cardiovascular diseases of children and young people

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Cardiovascular disease in children and adolescents: causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children and adolescents represent a significant health problem both in Pediatrics and in pediatric cardiology in focus. To lead though such diseases in younger patients occur less often than in adults, you can get significant health problems and in the worst case, even to life-threatening situations. Causes and risk factors The causes of CVD in children are diverse and can be roughly divided into two categories: Congenital heart defects (CHF): These are the most common Form of cardiovascular diseases in childhood. They emerge during embryonic development and include Fallot abnormalities such as atrial septal defect (ASD), ventricular septal defect (VSD) or complex malformations such as tetralogy. Acquired heart diseases: To belong to this group of diseases, occurring after birth, such as: rheumatic heart disease (a result of an untreated streptococcal infection); Cardiomyopathies (heart muscle); myocardial inflammation (myocarditis); High blood pressure (hypertension), which is diagnosed in the last time as a result of Obesity and lack of physical activity is increasingly in adolescents. Risk factors include family history, genetic syndromes (e.g., Down syndrome), prenatal infections, as well as lifestyle factors such as unhealthy diet, lack of exercise and obesity. Symptoms The symptoms of heart disease in children varies depending on the Erkrankungstyp and severity. Typical signs are: Pallor or cyanosis (bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membranes); Shortness of breath, especially with physical exertion or when breast-feeding of infants; decreased physical performance; unusual heart sounds, which are not noticeable during the physical examination; Dizziness, Loss Of Consciousness (Syncope); Edema (water retention), and in particular on the legs or on the face; increased heart rate (tachycardia) or irregular heart beat (arrhythmia). Diagnostics Early and accurate diagnosis is for the further success of the therapy is of crucial importance. Among the common diagnostic procedures: History and physical examination: examination of symptoms and family Background, auscultation of the heart. Eleufzeichen (ECG): recording of the electrical activity of the heart for the detection of arrhythmias or other disorders. Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart): imaging technique for the assessment of cardiac structure and function. X-ray of the Thorax: to assess heart size and pulmonary circulation. Stress testing: the evaluation of cardiac performance during physical effort. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): for a detailed presentation of the heart and blood vessels. Therapy The treatment approach depends on the specific disease: Drug therapy: the use of diuretics, ACE‑inhibitors, beta-blockers or antiarrhythmic agents for the stabilization of cardiac function. Catheter interventions: minimally invasive procedures for the repair of heart defects (e.g., closure of septal defects). Surgical procedures: surgical correction of complex congenital heart defects, multiple steps spread over time. Style changes: recommendations for a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and weight control, in particular in adolescents with hypertension or obesity life. Long-term monitoring: regular follow-up by a pediatric cardiologist to detect possible complications at an early stage. Forecast and prevention The prognosis of CVD has improved in the last decades due to advances in diagnosis and therapy. Many children with congenital heart defects today can lead an almost normal life, when the disease is detected and treated in time. Preventive measures include education about healthy way of life, regular medical examinations and early treatment of infections that can affect the heart. Would you like me to make a certain section in more detail or more aspects of the subject complement?

If you have disturbed sleep, fatigue, disorientation, confusion, or nervousness, it's time to monitor your blood pressure. Either lack of sleep or too much sleeping might mean your blood pressure is high or low. If it’s left untreated, you will soon face an onslaught of multiple illnesses. Una sa lahat, ang mga Beta-blocker ay karaniwang ibinibigay sa mga pasyente na may heart failure, aortic aneurysm, pagkatapos ng myocardial infarction, at sa mga kababaihan na nasa edad ng pagbubuntis, lalo na sa mga kababaihang nagpaplano ng pagbubuntis. Madalas matanggap ng katawan ang Beta-blocker, pero maaari rin itong magdulot ng pantal sa balat at bradycardia – sobrang bagal ng tibok ng puso.

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Cardiovascular diseases of children and young people

Diuretiko (Diuretika) ay nagpapataas ng pag-ihi ng katawan, na nagreresulta sa pagbaba ng presyon ng dugo. Simpleng paliwanag: Ang tuloy-tuloy na pag-ihi ng katawan ay nagdudulot ng pagbaba ng dami ng plasma sa dugo at sa gayon ay mas kaunting likido sa mga ugat — bumababa ang presyon sa mga pader ng ugat.

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Cardiovascular diseases of children and young people. Fees of hypertension in pharmacies.

clinical recommendations: Cardiovascular disease: current clinical recommendations for the prevention and therapy Cardiovascular diseases (HKK) is worldwide the leading cause of death and associated with a considerable burden for the health system. The implementation of evidence-based clinical recommendations is crucial to reduce the morbidity and mortality and to improve the quality of life of those Affected. Risk factors and primary prevention Effective prevention of cardiovascular disease, begins with the identification and modification of risk factors. Of the modifiable risk factors include: Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes mellitus, Tobacco, physical inactivity, Overweight and obesity, unhealthy diet. According to the recommendations of the European society of cardiology (ESC) should be studied all adults regularly on these risk factors. In particular, the measurement of blood pressure, the determination of the lipid profile and blood sugar levels are essential for the risk assessment. Diagnostic Strategies The diagnosis of HKK requires a structured approach: History and clinical examination: A detailed Anamnahme including familial and symptoms (e.g., chest pain, dyspnea, dizziness) is essential. Laboratory parameters: measurement of lipids, blood sugar, renal function, and in the case of suspected heart failure, NT‑proBNP. Eleinelektrokardiogramm (ECG): a routine method for the detection of arrhythmias and signs of myocardial ischemia. Echocardiography: a key method for the assessment of ventricular function, Valvular and structural heart changes. Stress tests and imaging procedures: In case of unclear cases, stress ECG, Stress echocardiography, or nuclear medicine procedures. Therapeutic Recommendations The therapy depends on the specific disease, however, there are common principles: Drug Therapy: Antihypertensives (e.g., ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers) in the treatment of hypertension; Statins for lipid-lowering; Hypoglycemic agents in Diabetes mellitus; ACE and, if necessary, other platelet aggregation inhibitors after acute coronary syndrome. Lifestyle changes: Reduction of salt consumption (<5 g/day); Increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber; Regular physical activity (at least 150 minutes/week of moderate stress); Nicotine waiver; Moderate Consumption Of Alcohol. Interventional and surgical procedures: Coronary Revascularization (PTCA or bypass surgery) in coronary heart disease; Implantation of pacemakers or defibrillators in arrhythmic risk. Secondary prevention After a cardiovascular event (e.g. myocardial infarction or stroke) is mandatory for intensified secondary prevention. This includes: continuous drug therapy, structured rehabilitation programs, regular follow-up examinations, Training of the patient for self-management ability. Conclusion The clinical recommendations for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases based on robust scientific Evidence and are documented in the international guidelines (for example, ESC‑guidelines). Their consistent implementation in clinical practice can improve Survival and prevent complications. A patient-integrated-centred care, the prevention, diagnosis and multimodal therapy, is the key to success.